Oak  Street 
JNCLASSIFIED 

NEW   SILKIES 


JANUARY,  1913 


Vol.1.    No.  2 


PEABODY  COLLEGE  BULLETIN 

George  Peabody  College 
for  Teachers 


Seaman  A.  Knapp  School  of  Country  Life. 

Education  in  General  Hygiene 

and  Sanitation, 


PUBLISHED  BY  GEORGE  PEABODY  COLLEGE  FOR  TEACHERS 

JANUARY,  APRIL,  JUNE,  SEPTEMBER 

NASHVILLE,  TENN. 

Entered  as  Second  •  Class  Matter  at  the  Postoffice  at  Nashville,  Tennessee 


The  Seaman  A.  Knapp  School  and  Farm. 


Dr.  Seaman  A.  Knapp,  the  founder  of  the  Farm  Demon- 
stration Work  in  the  South,  of  the  Boys'  Corn  Clubs  and  of 
the  Girls'  Canning  Clubs,  died  April  1,  1911.  His  work  has 
grown  until  there  are  now  in  the  South  one  thousand  agents 
demonstrating  better  methods  of  farming  and  homemaking  to 
fully  a  hundred  thousand  farmers,  seventy-five  thousand  boys, 
and  twenty-five  thousand  girls. 

Immediately  following  Dr.  Knapp's  death  numerous  sugges- 
tions arose  throughout  the  South  in  regard  to  a  memorial  in 
his  honor.  It  was  argued  that  we  are  prompt  to  build  monu- 
ments and  pay  tribute  to  the  heroes  of  war,  and  why  not  to  a 
hero  in  the  arts  of  peace?  Dr.  Knapp's  work  and  teachings 
made  it  well  nigh  impossible  to  erect  a  monument  of  cold 
marble  or  dead  bronze.  It  was  felt  that  there  must  be  a  liv- 
ing memorial.  A  Knapp  Memorial  Committee  was  organized 
with  representatives  from  every  Southern  state. 

After  careful  deliberation  it  was  decided  to  place  this 
memorial  at  Nashville  in  connection  with  George  Peabody 
College  for  Teachers  as  a  part  of  the  Seaman  A.  Knapp  School 
of  Country  Life,  which  had  just  been  endowed  with  $250,000 
by  the  General  Education  Board,  in  May,  1912.  The  Knapp 
Memorial  Committee  decided  that  the  most  fitting  and  effective 
memorial  they  could  create  would  result  from  this  union  of 
effort.  It  was  determined,  accordingly,  to  erect  the  Knapp 
Building  on  the  campus  of  George  Peabody  College  for  Teach- 
ers and  to  purchase  and  equip  the  Knapp  Farm  within  a  suit- 
able distance  of  Nashville.  The  Committee  has  undertaken  to 
raise  $150,000  throughout  the  South  for  the  building  and  for 
the  farm.  The  following  influential  Southern  citizens  make 
up  the  Knapp  Memorial  Committee: 

David  C.  Barrow,  President,  Athens,  Ga. 
Clarence  Poe,  Secretary,  Raleigh,  N.  C. 

0.  B.  Martin,  Treasurer,  Washington,  D.  C. 

1.  O.  Schaub,  Assistant  Secretary,  West  Raleigh,  N.  C. 
Thos.  A.  Early,  Financial  Agent,  729  Southern  Building, 

Washington,  D.  C. 

STATE   CHAIRMEN. 

S.  P.  Brooks,  Waco,  Texas. 

G.  W.  Donaghey,  Little  Rock,  Ark. 

J.  E.  Ransdell,  Lake  Providence,  La. 


'2  PEABODY   COLLEGE   BULLETIN. 

John  Fields,  Oklahoma  City,  Okla. 

W.  H.  Smith,  Jackson,  Miss. 

J.  F.  Duggab,  Auburn,  Ala. 

W.  M.  Holloway,  Tallahassee,  Fla. 

Fred  Mutchler,  Bowling  Green,  Ky. 

Lem  Banks,  Memphis,  Tenn. 

C.  S.  Barrett,  Union  City,  Ga. 

A.  F.  Lever,  Lexington,  S.  C. 

Clarence  Poe,  Raleigh,  N.  C. 

Wm.  H.  Mann,  Richmond,  Va. 

O.  B.  Martin,  Washington,  D.  C. 

The  Seaman  A.  Knapp  School  of  Country  Life  will  be  the 
distinctive  title  for  that  group  of  courses  with  special  pro- 
fessors and  students  which  will  be  organized  by  George  Pea- 
body  College  for  Teachers  to  promote  the  various  activities  for 
the  betterment  of  rural  life  conditions.  This  feature  of  Pea- 
body  College  will  insure  an  intensiveness  of  investigation 
from  which  will  result  some  solutions  for  the  insistent 
demands  of  country  life. 

Besides  the  courses  offered  on  the  campus  in  the  Knapp 
Memorial  Building  for  the  study  of  agriculture  and  rural  con- 
ditions, it  is  intended  to  have  a  farm  in  some  typical  rural 
section  within  ten  or  twelve  miles  of  Nashville.  Here  will  be 
exemplified  the  best  practical  forms  of  effort,  both  for  leading 
backward  communities  into  better  ways  and  for  proving  to 
prosperous  communities  new  roads  to  still  greater  prosperity. 
In  this  environment  of  model  barns,  fences,  implements,  and 
of  high-bred  farm  animals  and  farm  plants,  will  be  developed 
a  model  rural  school  as  a  community  center.  This  farm  will 
work  out  its  results  with  reference  to  varying  Southern  condi- 
tions and  will  become  a  suitable  rallying  point  for  demonstra- 
tions and  conferences  of  rural  workers.  Thus  through  the 
country  will  the  entire  South  be  assisted  in  its  economic  and 
social  betterment. 

The  rehabilitation  of  country  life  is  the  most  insistent 
problem  of  the  present  day.  Something  like  85  per  cent  of  the 
citizenship  of  the  South  live  in  the  country.  The  exodus  from 
the  country  to  the  cities  and  the  danger  of  the  deterioration 
of  country  life  brings  a  corresponding  duty.  The  right  kind 
of  rural  school  is  the  most  potent  agency  through  which  sane 
ideas  may  be  realized  for  the  improvement  of  country  life,  so 
that  it  shall  become  more  interesting,  more  convenient,  more 
profitable.  George  Peabody  College  for  Teachers  has  a  great 
opportunity  to  be  of  service  in  this  movement.     It  will  aid  in 


THE   SEAMAN   A.    KNAPP   SCHOOL  AND   FARM.  3 

the  search  for  the  school  best  suited  to  country  communities. 
It  will  study  and  suggest  means  by  which  there  shall  come 
enrichment  of  country  life  through  the  agency  of  country 
schools  and  teachers. 

Here  is  a  vital  fact :  Farm  life  in  the  South  must  become 
more  productive  and  economically  profitable  as  well  as  more 
attractive  and  humanly  interesting. 

At  the  bottom  of  every  sort  of  trouble,  and  every  so-called 
problem  in  the  South,  is  the  money  question. 

The  power  to  increase  the  profits  of  one's  toil  is  an  indis- 
pensable means  to  the  great  end  of  happy  and  righteous  living. 
It  requires  money  to  insure  healthful  and  wholesome  sur- 
roundings, to  train  the  cook  or  to  educate  the  housewife.  It 
costs  more  to  have  washing  done  in  a  clean  place  than  a  dirty 
place.  It  takes  money  to  save  the  babies  and  the  children 
from  improper  food,  and  from  the  germs  of  typhoid  or  pneu- 
monia carried  to  them  from  poorly  equipped  kitchens  and 
unsanitary  cooking.  It  costs  pains  and  money  to  safeguard 
the  water  and  milk  supply. 

And  it  requires  money  to  put  healthful  schoolhouses  in 
place  of  the  too  frequent  death  traps  now  in  use.  Over- 
crowded schoolrooms  are  cheaper  than  roomy,  well  lighted, 
well  ventilated  ones.  Better  teachers  and  better  teaching 
are  our  constant  clamor,  but  they,  too,  cost  more  money.  The 
courses  of  study  in  the  country  schools  are  too  theoretical, 
abstract,  and  remote  from  the  needs  of  country  life.  The 
schools  that  count  must  not  only  have  highly  trained  and  well 
paid  teachers,  but  they  must  have  the  equipment  of  labora- 
tories, school  gardens,  cooking  and  sewing  rooms,  tools  for 
manual  and  industrial  training.  All  of  these  things  are 
demanded  for  efficient  training,  and  cannot  be  had  without 
money. 

Money  becomes,  therefore,  in  the  providence  of  God,  a 
sacred  thing  with  which  to  minister  to  the  physical  and 
spiritual  wants  of  the  human  race. 

The  Seaman  A.  Knapp  Farm  and  School  should  deliber- 
ately set  for  itself  the  task  of  helping  the  present  and  future 
dwellers  in  the  country  to  make  more  money,  to  become  more 
efficient  producers,  more  economic  citizens.  It  should  teach 
the  farmer  by  theory,  by  experiment,  by  demonstration,  or  by 
any  other  possible  way,  how  to  avail  himself  of  all  the  most 
practicable  and  profitable  forms  of  the  world's  knowledge  for 
the  sake  of  happier  and  more  useful  living. 


4:  PEABODY   COLLEGE   BULLETIN. 

Its  studies  in  rural  credit  systems,  whereby  the  farmers 
as  well  as  other  business  men  may  obtain  resources  with  which 
to  develop  their  business,  will  avail  much.  Typical  associa- 
tions for  cooperative  industries,  such  as  local  creameries  and 
farm  insurance  companies,  will  be  studied  and  applied.  Here 
will  be  demonstrated  better  plans  for  sorting,  grading,  and 
marketing  farm  products.  Farm  accounting  will  be  taught  to 
the  boys  and  girls,  and  among  them  Boys'  Corn  Clubs  and 
Girl's  Canning  Clubs  will  be  inaugurated,  while  extension 
courses  and  correspondence  courses  for  farmers,  their  wives, 
their  sons,  and  their  daughters  will  not  be  the  least  of  the  help- 
ful influences  which  will  flow  from  such  a  school  of  country 
life  and  demonstration  farm. 

We  must  also  endeavor  to  increase  the  earning  capacity  of 
women  through  practical  dairying,  poultry  raising,  bee  cul- 
ture, canning,  dressmaking,  laundering,  perhaps  truck  garden- 
ing or  other  possible  undertakings.  The  money-spender  as 
well  as  the  money-maker  must  be  taught  in  this  School  of 
Country  Life.  Many  times  the  wife  is  the  spender  of  the 
money,  and  she  needs  to  learn  how  to  employ  economically  and 
scientifically  the  funds  she  expends  for  food  and  clothing. 

But  aside  from  its  economic  aspect,  living  in  the  country 
must  be  made  more  convenient  and  interesting  before  men  and 
women,  boys  and  girls,  will  be  content  to  remain  on  the  farm. 
The  Knapp  School,  by  promoting  health  and  sanitation  in  the 
country,  by  teaching  improved  methods  of  road  building,  by 
promoting  cooperation  in  providing  highways  and  modern 
facilities  for  transportation,  will  contribute  toward  the  desired 
end.  If  it  can  build  at  moderate  cost  a  well  equipped  coun- 
try home  with  water  supply  and  home  conveniences,  and  if  it 
can  show  how  such  may  be  procured  at  small  cost  in  any  home, 
this  will  be  one  of  its  services  to  home  life  in  the  South. 

An  important  work  will  be  the  testing  of  ideas  for  the 
improved  country  school.  Through  such  country  schools 
clubs,  lecture  courses,  libraries,  the  whole  social  life  of  the 
community  may  be  organized  and  promoted.  And  the  rural 
high  school  is  a  specially  choice  agency  through  which  the 
next  generation  will  learn  to  improve  all  the  conditions  of 
country  life. 

There  are' three  classes  of  workers  in  the  South  who  will 
count  much  in  bringing  about  such  conditions  and  in  spread- 
ing the  knowledge  which  will  accomplish  such  results.  These 
are  the  farm  demonstrators,  both  men  and  women,  and  the 
teachers,  both  men   and  women,  and  the  country  preachers. 


THE   SEAMAN   A.    KNAPP   SCHOOL  AND   FARM.  O 

These  stand  out  conspicuous,  for  they  are  perennially  thinking 
and  working  at  this  problem.  There  is  yet  no  single  center 
where  they  may  be  brought  together  for  the  exchange  of  expe- 
riences or  for  the  acquirement  of  more  progressive  ideals  and 
methods.  The  Knapp  School  and  Farm  should  become  such 
a  center.  For  instance,  what  a  great  service  would  be  rendered 
if  the  following  could  be  accomplished:  The  farm  demon- 
strator of  Virginia  demonstrates  to  the  farm  demonstrator  of 
South  Carolina  how  to  make  hay.  The  South  Carolinian 
shows  (not  tells)  the  Virginian  how  to  increase  his  yield  of 
corn.  The  Georgian  teaches  the  Arkansan  the  art  of  peach 
growing,  while  the  women  from  Louisiana  exhibit  for  the 
benefit  of  all  the  proper  method  of  canning  vegetables.  An 
expert  chemist  contributes  such  a  portion  of  his  science  as 
each  may  require.  The  trucker  from  the  tidewater  district 
illustrates  his  plan  of  gardening  and  marketing;  the  dairy- 
man from  the  bluegrass  region  explains  the  feeding  and  breed- 
ing of  dairy  cattle,  while  his  wife  demonstrates  a  better  way 
of  handling  cream  and  butter.  And  the  teachers  and  preach- 
ers, sympathetically  understanding  these  operations,  will  show 
how  the  intellectual,  literary,  and  spiritual  life  of  the  country 
can  be  built  up  into  the  finest  product  of  this  wealth  and 
woven  into  every  portion  of  this  fabric. 

This  School  of  Country  Life  will  become  a  clearing  house 
for  the  rural  communities  of  the  South,  a  center  for  the 
exchange  of  valuable  ideas  and  information  practically  tested. 
Many  farm  demonstrators  will  live  upon  the  farm  for  several 
weeks  in  the  summer.  The  faculty  of  Peabody  College  will 
work  out  their  ideas  here  for  the  twelve  months  of  the  year. 
The  teachers  of  the  South  who  come  to  George  Peabody  Col- 
lege for  Teachers  for  training  will  cooperate  in  studying  and 
in  meeting  the  needs  of  an  ideal  country  community.  They 
will  carry  back  home  no  theory  which  they  have  not  first 
worked  out  and  tested  in  practical  life.  The  country  preach- 
ers will  be  invited  to  meet  here  at  stated  times  and  for  special 
conferences  at  which  they  can  find  practical  inspiration  for 
their  important  leadership. 

Thus  those  who  teach  the  adult  farmers  and  their  wives 
will  come  to  understand  those  who  teach  the  children,  the 
prospective  farmers  and  prospective  housewives.  The  teach- 
ers and  the  farmers  will  work  together.  This  School  and 
Farm  will,  in  other  words,  be  a  storehouse  of  tested  knowl- 
edge to  which  the  practical  farmer  and  his  wife  will  come  for 


6  PEABODY   COLLEGE   BULLETIN. 

safe  appliances  and  helpful  devices.  It  will  at  the  same  time 
be  preeminently  a  practice  school  to  which  the  makers  of  citi- 
zens, the  teachers,  and  also  the  farm  demonstrators,  will  come 
to  try  out  their  theories  before  attempting  to  apply  them.  Dem- 
onstration agents,  rural  school  supervisors,  state  and  county 
superintendents  of  education,  and  other  rural  workers  of  every 
description  will  make  this  farm  a  rallying  point,  in  order  to 
carry  back  to  their  states  the  benefits  of  the  work  done  here. 
Corn  club  boys  and  canning  club  girls  will  also  make  occa- 
sional trips  to  this  agricultural  Mecca  for  inspiration  and 
instruction. 

The  scope  and  character  of  the  courses  to  be  offered  by 
George  Peabody  College  for  Teachers  in  this  School  of  Coun- 
try Life  will  also  include  agricultural  pedagogy  for  the  teach- 
ing of  general  agriculture  and  the  correlation  of  agricultural 
matter  with  other  school  subjects;  rural  life  elements,  such  as 
cooperation  in  buying  and  selling,  farm  management,  sanita- 
tion and  water  supply,  transportation,  village  and  country 
churches  and  libraries,  etc.;  extension  work  by  the  faculty  to 
carry  these  suggestions  direct  to  the  people  in  their  homes; 
special  applications  of  manual  training,  cooking,  sewing,  laun- 
dering, and  home  management;  equipment  of  teachers  and 
supervisors  for  every  kind  of  agricultural  and  industrial  sub- 
jects; the  training  of  workers  to  aid  in  the  task  of  unifying  all 
rural  activities  in  a  great  cooperative  scheme.  Such  a  pro- 
gram will  prove  of  the  greatest  value  now,  because  so  many 
schools  are  establishing  garden  plots  and  almost  every  county 
high  school  will  soon  be  provided  with  a  demonstration  farm. 
Eight  guidance  under  these  conditions  will  be  indispensable  to 
the  boys  and  girls  and  to  their  parents,  and  such  activities 
will  bring  wonderful  changes  in  the  country  schools  and  their 
environing  communities  during  the  next  decade. 

This  is  to  be  a  Demonstration  Farm  and  a  Demostration 
School.  Nothing  like  the  Seaman  A.  Knapp  School  of  Coun- 
try Life  has  ever  been  worked  out  anywhere.  In  the  ways 
mentioned  above,  and  through  many  other  avenues  which  will 
become  apparent  as  the  work  grows,  this  school  and  farm 
will  serve  the  entire  South  and  perpetuate  the  memory  of  a 
great  benefactor.  Here  is  a  fine  opportunity  for  a  distinctive 
work  and  a  great  service.  The  memorial  building  to  be 
located  on  the  campus  of  George  Peabody  College  for  Teachers 
will  contain  a  life-sized  statue  of  Dr.  Knapp,  so  that  his  mas- 
terful and  benevolent  personality  will  always  be  an  inspira- 


THE   SEAMAN   A.   KNAPP   SCHOOL  AND   FARM.  i 

tion  to  the  thousands  who  come  and  go.  The  farm,  within 
ten  or  twelve  miles  of  Nashville,  to  contain  from  200  to  400 
acres,  will  be  conducted  in  accordance  with  modern  demon- 
stration methods.  It  is  not  to  be  an  experiment  farm,  in  the 
usual  and  technical  sense,  for  discovering  the  scientific  prin- 
ciples of  farming,  but  rather  to  apply  these  principles  and  get 
them  widely  disseminated  among  the  growing  generation.  It 
is  intended  primarily  to  conduct  experiments  in  agricultural 
pedagogy  and  in  the  organization  of  the  social  units  and 
forces  which  are  to  build  up  country  life.  While  due  regard 
will  be  had  for  the  development  of  pure-bred  seed  and  animals, 
for  illustrating  the  best  devices  and  implements  to  be  used  in 
farming,  for  working  out  crop  rotations  for  different  South- 
ern conditions,  the  main  emphasis  will  be  placed  upon  discov- 
ering, testing,  and  applying  those  principles  which  will  teach 
the  dwellers  in  the  country  how  to  improve  themselves  and 
their  modes  of  living  even  to  a  greater  extent  than  they  im- 
prove their  crops.  Bigger  crops,  larger  income,  increased 
wealth,  will  be  regarded  as  the  necessary  means  toward  pro- 
ducing more  efficient  men,  women  more  interested  and  happy, 
children  blessed  with  their  proper  birthright. 

A  BRIEF  SKETCH  OF  THE  LIFE  AND  WORK  OF  DR.   SEAMAN  A.  KNAPP. 
(Extracts  from  a  sketch  by  Hon.  O.  B.  Martin.) 

Dr.  Seaman  Asahel  Knapp  was  born  December  16,  1833,  in  Essex 
County,  New  York,  and  died  in  Washington,  D.  C,  April  1,  1911. 

Spent  bis  boyhood  on  his  father's  farm. 

Entered  Troy  Conference  Seminary  as  a  youth. 

Graduated  from  Union  College,  Schenectady,  New  York,  with  dis- 
tinguished honors,  at  tbe  age  of  twenty-three. 

Married  Maria  E.  Hotchkiss  in  August  of  the  same  year. 

Soon  became  Professor  and  Associate  President  of  Troy  Conference 
Seminary,  and  later  President  of  Ripley  College  in  Vermont. 

Moved  to  Vinton,  Iowa,  at  thirty-two  and  settled  on  a  farm. 

Served  five  years  as  President  of  Iowa  School  for  Blind. 

Organized  and  edited  the  "Western  Stock  Journal  and  Farmer." 

In  1879  elected  Professor  of  Agriculture  at  the  Iowa  State  College. 

Became  President  of  this  College  in  1884. 

At  the  age  of  fifty-three  Dr.  Knapp  resigned  the  presidency  of  the 
college  and  moved  to  Lake  Charles,  La. 

Developed  rice  industry  in  Louisiana  and  Texas. 

Conducted  demonstrations  in  rice  growing  and  diversified  farming 
for  benefit  of  native  farmers  and  immigrants. 

In  1898  was  authorized  by  Secretary  Wilson,  of  the  U.  S.  Depart- 
ment of  Agriculture,  to  visit  China,  Japan  and  the  Philippines  to  make 
rice  investigations. 


8  PEABODY   COLLEGE   BULLETIN. 

Made  second  trip  to  the  Orient  and  to  Europe  in  1901. 

Sent  next  to  Porto  Rico  to  report  on  agricultural  resources  and 
possibilities. 

In  1903  inaugurated  Demonstration  Work  to  fight  the  Mexican  cotton 
boll  weevil. 

From  1903  to  1911  extended  Demonstration  Work  throughout  the 
whole  South. 

Seaman  A.  Knapp  showed  such  aptitude  and  ambition  as  a  small 
boy  that  his  boyhood  indicated  what  his  manhood  might  be.  At  ten 
years  of  age  he  read  Addison,  Macaulay  and  Irving,  and  repeated  what 
he  had  read  to  his  mother  and  sister,  in  order  to  acquire  a  good  vocabu- 
lary, clearness  of  style  and  the  mastery  of  pure  English.  He  said  that 
even  at  that  age  he  looked  forward  to  the  time  when  he  might,  through 
the  spoken  and  written  word,  influence  and  lead  mankind.  He  took 
advantage  of  such  schools  as  were  available  in  that  early  day  in  the 
country  districts  of  New  York,  but  he  attributed  a  large  measure  of  his 
success  to  the  training  and  influence  of  his  mother  and  an  older  sister. 

In  the  first  part  of  the  nineteenth  century  small  boys  in  the  country 
districts  of  New  York  State  did  not  have  many  opportunities  for  recrea- 
tion in  the  way  of  games  and  sports.  The  boy,  Seaman  A.  Knapp,  got 
most  of  his  recreation  by  change  of  work.  He  was  fond  of  cattle,  horses 
and  other  animals  on  the  farm.  It  was  great  sport  for  him  to  go  on 
his  favorite  horse  to  the  country  store,  for  the  purpose  of  securing  some 
needed  articles  for  his  mother  and  for  the  home.  There  was  not  much 
money  in  circulation  in  that  country  either,  so  it  was  a  matter  of  barter. 
Doubtless,  he  drove  many  a  good  bargain  and  had  impressed  upon  his 
youthful  mind  the  importance  of  thrift  and  economy. 

A  high  school  boy  and  a  high  school  girl  made  the  acquaintance  of 
each  other  at  the  Troy  Conference  Seminary  in  1852.  They  became 
sweethearts.  They  were  married  four  years  later,  just  after  both  had 
graduated,  and  they  continued  as  sweethearts  and  boon  companions  for 
fifty-four  years.  Mrs.  Knapp  took  a  personal  interest  and  aided  greatly 
in  all  of  the  work  which  Dr.  Knapp  did. 

As  a  young  man  he  had  an  ambition  to  found  a  great  college.  He 
was  having  much  success  as  a  teacher  and  school  administrator,  with 
Mrs.  Knapp  as  his  best  assistant.  A  wrenched  knee  and  failing  health 
caused  him  to  give  up  school  work  and  take  the  advice  of  Horace 
Greeley,  namely,  "Go  West,  young  man,  and  grow  up  with  the  country." 

On  the  farm  in  Iowa  he  bred  Shorthorn  cattle  and  Berkshire  hogs. 
He  brought  heavy  draft  horses  to  his  community  and  helped  organize 
the  first  live  stock  association  in  that  state.  Improved  implements  and 
labor  saving  devices  were  used  on  that  farm,  and  he  developed  the  best 
seed  and  used  improved  methods  of  cultivation.  With  it  all  he  regained 
his  health  and  vigor.  At  this  time  he  met  a  leading  farmer  of  Iowa 
named  James  Wilson,  and  together  they  worked  for  agricultural  reform 
in  their  adopted  state.  This  co-worker  succeeded  Dr.  Knapp  later  as 
professor  in  the  Iowa  State  College,  and  when  farmer  Wilson  became 
Secretary  of  Agriculture  of  the  United  States,  Dr.  Knapp  became  one 
of  his  most  trusted  and  valued  assistants.  During  the  sojourn  in  Iowa 
Dr.  Knapp  was  called  to  manage  several  lines  of  work,  all  of  which 
were  good  training  for  the  greater  work  yet  to  be  done,  For  five  years 
he  had  charge  of  the  State  School  for  the  Blind.  When  his  church  at 
Vinton  had  no  pastor,  he  preached  and  taught  the  gospel  for  two  years. 


THE   SEAMAN   A.    KNAPP   SCHOOL  AND   FARM.  9 

He  established  a  farm  paper.  There  were  few  such  papers  in  the  country 
at  that  time.  He,  with  others,  conducted  an  agricultural  campaign.  The 
first  course  in  agriculture  in  the  Iowa  College  was  organized  and  the 
graduation  of  the  first  class  took  place  during  his  incumbency  as  pro- 
fessor and  president. 

Another  crisis  in  Dr.  Knapp's  life  came  about  this  time.  His  health 
gave  way  under  a  severe  attack  of  rheumatism.  A  board  of  physicians 
said  he  must  give  up  college  work,  and  that  he  had  only  a  few  months 
to  live.  His  reply  was  that  he  would  accept  their  advice  in  regard  to 
giving  up  the  college  work,  but  not  in  the  matter  of  giving  up  his  life. 
Turning  his  face  to  the  sunny  South,  he  organized  a  great  development 
company,  bought  a  million  acres  of  land  in  southwest  Louisiana,  and 
sent  invitations  all  over  the  northwest,  "Come  South,  young  men,  and 
grow  up  with  the  country."  Several  thousand  came.  For  many  years 
he  had  believed  that  the  South  was  destined  for  a  wonderful  future. 
He  said.  "Here  is  a  people  of  pure  Anglo-Saxon  stock,  energetic  but 
conservative,  without  much  admixture  of  foreign  blood.  These  people 
should  be  the  conservators  of  the  best  American  traditions.  Here  is  a 
productive  soil,  delightful  climate  and  long  growing  seasons."  In  con- 
versation with  Chancellor  Barrow,  of  the  University  of  Georgia,  once, 
these  points  were  being  stressed.  Chancellor  Barrow  was  impressed 
with  the  earnestnes  and  optimism  of  the  speaker,  but  remembering  the 
difficulties  and  struggles  of  the  Southern  people,  he  could  not  quite  see 
how  the  South  was  to  become  the  garden  spot  of  the  world,  so  he  asked 
Dr.  Knapp  for  a  reason  for  the  faith  that  was  in  him.  Dr.  Knapp's 
reply  was,  "Because  the  germinating  power  of  the  South  is  five  times 
as  great  as  that  of  any  other  part  of  the  country."  Chancellor  Barrow 
says  that  he  has  thought  about  this  reply  a  hundred  times  over,  and 
that  it  is  one  of  the  most  complete  and  satisfying  answers  he  ever  heard. 
He  said  that  Dr.  Knapp  had  absolutely  gone  to  the  bottom  of  the 
question. 

The  Farmers'  Cooperative  Demonstration  Work  was  started  in  a 
small  way  in  1903.  Dr.  Knapp  visited  one  small  farm  near  Terrell, 
Texas,  about  twice  a  month  and  directed  the  operations  there.  Neighbor- 
ing farmers  met  him  in  field  meetings.  At  the  close  of  the  year  he  had 
proved  that  cotton  could  be  grown  in  the  face  of  the  boll  weevil,  and 
was  urged  to  extend  his  teachings  and  his  methods  throughout  the  whole 
country  devastated  by  the  pest.  The  next  year,  with  funds  furnished  by 
Congress  and  by  local  business  men,  he  appointed  a  few  agents  and 
began  to  organize  different  counties  in  Texas.  The  work  soon  attracted 
the  attention  of  the  country.  Congress  enlarged  its  appropriation,  local 
aid  was  increased,  and  the  work  was  extended  to  Louisiana  and  Mis- 
sissippi. About  this  time  the  General  Education  Board  of  New  York 
asked  to  be  allowed  to  appropriate  money  for  similar  work  in  other 
cotton  states.  In  a  few  short  years  this  great  work  had  covered  the 
entire  South,  had  a  force  of  a  thousand  agents,  an  enrollment  of  one 
hundred  thousand  farmers,  seventy-five  thousand  boys  in  the  Corn 
Clubs,  and  twenty-five  thousand  girls  in  the  Canning  Clubs.  Every 
state  in  the  South  began  to  show  an  increase  in  the  average  corn  pro- 
duction per  acre,  as  well  as  other  crops,  and  Southern  Corn  Club  boys 
attracted  the  attention  of  the  world  by  producing  more  than  two  hun- 
dred bushels  of  corn  to  the  acre  at  low  cost.  Girls,  too,  demonstrated 
practical,  scientific  work  in  garden  and  home.     During  the  year  of  his 


10  PEABODY   COLLEGE   BULLETIN. 

death,  Russia,  Brazil,  England,  South  Africa  and  Argentina  sent  repre- 
sentatives to  this  country  to  study  the  Demonstration  Work.  Sir  Horace 
Plunkett,  the  great  Irish  reformer,  came  for  the  same  purpose,  and  at 
the  request  of  the  King  of  Siam,  Dr.  Knapp  sent  one  of  his  agents  to 
take  charge  of  agricultural  matters  in  that  country. 

Mrs.  Knapp  expressed  the  belief  that  all  of  her  husband's  career 
had  been  providentially  guided  as  a  preparation  for  the  great  work  that 
he  did  in  his  closing  years.  Dr.  Buttrick  summed  it  up  by  saying, 
"Seventy  years  of  preparation  for  seven  years  of  work."  A  leading 
Southerner  spoke  of  him  as  "Teacher,  farmer,  philosopher  and  states- 
man." Dr.  Walter  H.  Page  said  of  the  Demonstration  Work,  that  "It 
is  the  greatest  single  piece  of  constructive  educational  work  in  this  age 
or  any  age."  Forrest  Crissey  called  him  "The  missionary  bishop  of 
American  agriculture." 

It  is  fitting  that  the  memorial  in  his  honor  shall  be  unique.  The 
service  was  distinctive.  Such  a  service  merits,  and  will  receive,  the 
appreciation  of  a  grateful  and  generous  people.  It  brought  the  resources 
of  the  South  to  the  attention  of  the  world  in  a  new  light ;  but  better  still, 
it  brought  comfort  and  joy  to  thousands  where  poverty  and  gloom  had 
prevailed.  It  made  the  education  of  children  possible  where  ignorance 
must  otherwise  have  held  sway.  It  brought  better  instruction  and  re- 
newed hope  to  men  and  women  whose  training  had  been  neglected.  A 
leading  thinker  has  said  that  his  plan  constitutes  one  of  the  greatest 
systems  of  adult  training  ever  devised.  Dr.  Knapp  loved  the  South 
and  was  a  citizen  thereof  for  a  quarter  of  a  century.  It  was  his  chosen 
home  in  his  mature  years.  He  had  admired  its  people  for  the  chivalry, 
courtesy,  and  high  sense  of  honor  prevailing  among  them.  He  had 
sympathized  with  them  during  their  hardships  and  struggles.  Dr. 
Knapp  was  a  benefactor  to  mankind  and  his  works  do  follow  him. 


SOME  KNAPP  EPIGRAMS :    QUOTATIONS  FROM  WRITINGS  AND 
SPEECHES  OF  DR.  S.  A.  KNAPP. 

"The  greatest  of  all  acquisitions  is  common  sense." 
"A  prosperous,  intelligent,  and  contented  rural  population  is,  there- 
fore, essential  to  our  national  perpetuity." 

"A  patent  to  land  is  a  title  to  nobility,  a  right  to  sovereignty." 

"A  great  nation  is  not  the  outgrowth  of  a  few  men  of  genius,  but  the 

superlative  worth  of  a  great  common  people." 

"It  is  impossible  to  impress  upon  any  one  that  there  is  dignity  in 

residing  upon  a  farm  with  impoverished  soil,  dilapidated  buildings,  and 

an  environment  of  ignorance." 

"The  income  of  the  farm  can  be  increased  from  three  to  five-fold 

by  the  use  of  improved  methods." 

"Double  the  crop  to  the  acre  and  halve  the  cost." 

"More  power  and  less  hand-work." 

"Training  is  the  great  item  which  fashions  a  race." 

"The  world's  most  important  school  is  the  home  and  small  farm." 

"The  public  school  teacher's  mission  is  to  make  a  great  common 

people,  and  thus  readjust  the  map  of  the  world." 

"You  can  cause  the  soil  to  become  more  responsive  to  the  touch  of 

industry  and  the  harvest  more  abundant  to  meet  the  measure  of  a  larger 

hope." 


EDUCATION   IN  GENERAL  HYGIENE  AND  SANITATION.  11 

"Let  it  be  the  high  privilege  of  this  great  and  free  people  to  es- 
tablish a  republic  where  rural  pride  is  equal  to  civic  pride,  where  men 
of  the  most  refined  taste  and  culture  select  the  rural  villa,  and  where 
the  wealth  that  comes  from  the  soil  finds  its  greatest  return  in  develop- 
ing and  perfecting  the  great  domain  of  nature  which  God  has  given  to 
us  as  an  everlasting  estate." 

"Any  race  betterment  to  be  of  permanent  value  must  be  a  better- 
ment of  the  masses." 

"The  greatest  failure  as  a  world  force  is  the  man  who  knows  so 
much  that  he  lives  in  universal  doubt,  injecting  a  modifying  clause  into 
every  assertion  and  ending  the  problems  of  life  with  an  interrogation 
point." 

"This  learning  agriculture  (which  is  a  compound  of  the  following 
ingredients — one-eighth  science,  three-eighths  art,  and  one-half  business 
methods)  out  of  a  book  is  like  reading  up  on  the  handsaw  and  jackplane 
and  hiring  out  for  a  carpenter." 

"We  are  now  prepared  for  the  accomplishment  of  what  we  have  so 
earnestly  sought,  the  placing  of  rural  life  upon  a  plane  of  profit,  of 
honor,  and  of  power." 

"The  least  worthy  monument  to  a  man  is  a  granite  block  or  a  marble 
shaft.  They  represent  the  dead  man's  money  and  the  kindness  of 
friends.  The  true  monument  is  what  the  man  has  accomplished  in  life. 
It  may  be  a  better  gate,  or  house,  or  farm,  or  factory ;  put  his  name  on 
it  and  let  it  stand  for  him." 

"The  power  which  transformed  the  humble  fishermen  of  Galilee 
into  mighty  apostles  of  truth  is  ever  present  and  can  be  used  as  effect- 
ively today  in  any  good  cause  as  when  the  Son  of  God  turned  His 
footsteps  from  Judea's  capital  and  spoke  to  the  wayside  children  of 
poverty." 


Education  in  General  Hygiene  and  Sanitation. 


It  is  estimated  that  25,000  adults  die  each  year  in  our 
country  from  typhoid  fever,  and  that  at  least  250,000  sicken 
with  this  tedious  and  dangerous  disease.  The  mere  economic 
losses  thus  sustained  make  a  startling  total,  perhaps  100 
millions  of  dollars  annually.  This  waste  and  danger  and 
death  are  the  penalties  we  pay  for  ignorance  and  carelessness. 
Impure  water,  dirty  milk,  unsanitary  toilets,  the  "typhoid  fly," 
and  unclean  personal  habits  are  the  main  causes.  Typhoid 
fever  is  not  a  providential  dispensation;  it  comes  from  filth 
and  will  quickly  disappear  with  cleanliness.  Europe,  with 
fewer  natural  advantages,  with  much  greater  congestion  and 
much  more  poverty  among  its  people,  has  less  than  one-fourth 


12  PEABODY   COLLEGE  BULLETIN. 

as  high  a  death  rate  from  typhoid  fever  per  100,000  population 
as  we  have.  Typhoid  attacks  more  men  than  women.  This 
fact  emphasizes  its  economic  seriousness. 

The  dreadful  scourge  of  tuberculosis  is  estimated  to  carry 
off  250,000  persons  in  the  United  States  every  year,  and  those 
best  informed  about  the  money  cost  calculate  that  "it  means 
1500,000,000  of  expense  annually  to  the  rest  of  us,"  more  than 
to  maintain  all  the  common  schools  in  our  land.  But  it  is 
belittling  human  life  and  happiness  to  measure  the  terrors  of 
this  disease  in  dollars.  The  suffering,  the  sorrow,  the  dread 
and  cruelty  of  it  hangs  over  millions  of  families.  These  are 
its  most  appalling  features. 

What  can  be  done  to  check  it  and  finally  to  stamp  it  out? 
The  late  Dr.  Arthur  T.  Cabot,  in  an  article  published  since 
his  death,  urges  that  all  tuberculous  children  attending  public 
schools  be  segregated,  taught  as  much  as  possible  in  the  open 
air,  and  furnished  with  nourishing  food.  This  is  sane  advice; 
but  it  will  be  of  infinitely  greater  service  to  the  children  and 
to  their  families,  if  we  can  teach  all  of  them  to  sleep  in  the  open 
air  or  in  well  ventilated  bedrooms,  and  to  eat  at  home  the 
kind  of  food  they  need.  All  children  should  sleep  more  than 
a  third  of  the  time,  while  most  of  them  are  in  school  less  than 
a  tenth  of  their  time. 

The  great  insurance  companies  of  the  country  are  joining 
with  the  medical  associations  in  health  campaigns.  They  are 
spending  large  sums  to  persuade  their  policyholders  to  build 
open-air  bedrooms,  even  in  the  colder  Northern  states.  Tuber- 
culosis is  contagious  and  every  infected  person  becomes  a 
center  of  contagion.  If  such  persons  could  be  completely 
segregated,  the  disease  could  be  stamped  out  in  a  generation. 
But  this  is  beyond  human  endeavor.  The  only  way  is  that  of 
sanitary  and  hygienic  precautions  against  it.  The  education 
of  all  the  people  in  these  matters  becomes  imperative.  The 
teachers  and  the  schools  must  bear  the  chief  burden  of  this 
work,  for  they  touch  each  generation  in  its  formative  period. 

Hookworm  disease  encircles  the  earth  and  is  more  or  less 
prevalent  in  all  warm  or  mild  climates.  It  is  doubtless  one 
of  the  greatest  burdens  warm  climates  have  to  carry.  The 
eradication  of  hookworm  disease  in  our  country  is  well 
under  way.  Many  thousands  of  young  and  old  have  been 
transformed  from  thin,  spiritless  persons  into  active,  energetic 
workers,  by  the  simple  treatment  given.  The  economic  gain 
to  the  Southern  States  has  been  and  will  be  of  incalculable 


EDUCATION   IN  GENERAL  HYGIENE  AND   SANITATION.  13 

advantage.  But  we  must  prevent  infection  as  well  as  treat 
those  infected.  Polluted  soil  will  surely  reinfect  the  cured 
as  well  as  those  uninfected.  Unsanitary  privies  in  the  coun- 
try or  towns  will  continue  the  fearful  ravages  of  hookworm 
disease.  It  is  safe  to  say  a  hookworm  victim  is,  on  the  aver- 
age, worth  half  as  much  per  day  as  one  who  is  not  infected. 
If  the  total  losses  in  doctors'  bills,  patent  medicines,  decreased 
efficiency,  low  earning  power,  and  dulled  ambition  were  com- 
puted, the  sum  would  be  astonishing.  But  happiness  and 
comfort,  progress  and  initiative  are  worth  more  to  a  nation 
than  all  its  money.  What  is  primarily  desired  is  a  healthful, 
vigorous  people.     All  the  blessings  of  life  are  then  in  sight. 

The  Panama  Canal  will  soon  bring  the  South  into  intimate 
relations  with  a  new  world.  With  the  blessings  of  trade  will 
also  come  bubonic  plague,  which  for  centuries  has  radiated 
from  the  Oriental  countries.  Now  is  the  time  to  teach  the 
people  that  where  there  are  no  rodents,  especially  rats  and  mice, 
this  horrible  and  deadly  disease  is  not  found.  We  cannot 
begin  too  soon  to  preach  this  doctrine.  The  recent  experience 
of  San  Francisco  has  demonstrated  beyond  doubt  that  delay 
is  dangerous.  Plague  is  a  rat  disease  and  is  transmitted  to 
man  through  the  fleas  that  infect  the  rats.  A  flea  which  has 
bitten  an  infected  rat  and  later  bites  a  man  infects  him. 

Then  there  is  the  great  problem  of  sex  hygiene,  with  all  the 
prudery  and  false  modesty  of  society  to  overcome.  Insane 
hospitals  are  overcrowded  and  many  of  the  inmates  are  there 
because  of  their  ignorance  of  the  dreadful  effects  of  secret  dis- 
eases. It  has  been  determined  that  paresis,  a  form  of  incur- 
able insanity,  is  almost  always  traceable  to  syphilis,  though 
comparatively  few  people  know  this.  These  diseases  break 
up  many  homes,  blind  thousands  of  innocent  children,  and 
destroy  the  moral  fiber  of  nations.  A  general  crusade  for 
purity  and  sex  hygiene  has  begun,  but  the  task  is  stupendous. 
At  the  International  Congress  of  Hygiene  and  Demography 
held  at  Washington,  D.  C,  in  September,  1912,  the  most  exten- 
sive and  by  far  the  most  educational  exhibit  offered  was  that 
on  sex  hygiene.  It  attracted  more  attention  and  caused 
more  discussion  than  any  other  exhibit.  People  had  not 
known  the  awfulness  of  these  diseases  and  the  terrible  rav- 
ages they  are  making  in  our  country. 

Nothing  but  the  facts  will  deter  and  fortify  society.  Every 
school  in  the  land  should  help  to  devise  ways  and  means  for 
safe  and  sane  teaching  of  sex  hygiene.       It  must  be  done 


14  PEABODY   COLLEGE   BULLETIN. 

decently,  but  scientifically.  We  have,  as  yet,  given  so  little 
attention  to  this  subject  that  we  do  not  know  how  to  teach 
it.  But  some  acceptable  way  must  be  found,  and  will  be 
found ;  for  the  need  is  urgent. 

These  few  diseases  are  conspicuous  examples  illustrating 
the  great  need  for  hygienic  education.  All  contagious  and 
infectious  diseases  are  preventable  and  would  disappear  in  a 
decade,  if  all  the  people  knew  what  to  do  and  were  willing  to 
obey  at  once  the  plain  laws  of  health  and  sanitation  discovered 
in  recent  years. 

George  Peabody  College  for  Teachers  is  anxious  to  do  its 
full  duty  in  teaching  and  preaching  the  gospel  of  good  health 
throughout  the  South.  It  sincerely  believes  that  this  is  vital 
to  the  economic  and  spiritual  uplift  of  this  favored  section. 
Accordingly  it  is  planning  to  equip  a  department  devoted 
to  questions  of  general  home  and  public  hygiene,  in  order  that 
it  may  give  to  all  its  students  a  careful  and  practical  training 
in  the  fundamental  laws  of  health  promotion  and  health  con- 
servation. 

We  feel  that  the  best  way  to  reach  all  of  the  people  is 
through  the  teachers  of  all  the  schools  and  that  it  is  the  legiti- 
mate business  and  duty  of  each  teacher  to  teach  these  things 
in  a  plain,  simple,  but  practical  way. 

The  work  of  this  department  will  be  divided  into  the  fol- 
lowing subdivisions : 

1.  Personal  Hygiene. 

2.  Home  Hygiene  and  Sanitation. 

3.  School  Hygiene  and  School  Sanitation. 

4.  General  Public  Hygiene. 

It  is  discouraging  to  realize  how  little  the  average 
teacher  knows  of  the  simplest  questions  of  personal  health. 
For  example,  it  has  been  found  by  actual  investigation  that  not 
one  in  ten  knows  how  to  use  in  an  effective  way  an  ordinary 
tooth  brush;  in  fact,  an  astonishingly  large  per  cent  of  them 
never  use  a  tooth  brush.  As  a  result  of  this  general  neglect, 
fully  75  per  cent  of  the  school  children  all  over  our  country 
are  suffering  from  diseased  and  decayed  teeth,  and  are  thus 
crippled  for  life. 

Little  thought  has  been  given  to  home  sanitation  by  public 
school  teachers  and  hence  they  cannot  be  so  directly  useful  to 
the  communities  in  which  they  work. 


EDUCATION   IN  GENERAL  HYGIENE  AND  SANITATION.  15 

Teachers  too  often  give  their  pupils  a  great  mass  of  facts 
with  very  little  bearing  on  the  real  lives  of  the  children  and 
fail  to  lay  proper  emphasis  upon  those  weightier  matters  which 
they  need  every  day  to  make  home  life  better,  more  prosperous, 
and  happier.  If,  for  example,  country  children  could  be  taught 
the  dangers  of  impure  water  and  how  to  get  a  safe  water  sup- 
ply at  their  homes;  the  dangers  of  sleeping  in  unventilated 
bedrooms;  the  simple  facts  of  bacteriology,  and  how  to  guard 
against  germ-carrying  insects,  the  schools  would  have  more 
vital  contact  with  real  needs  and  be  of  more  service.  If  we 
are  to  make  the  home  life  of  the  people  easier,  safer,  and  more 
satisfying,  the  problems  of  home  sanitation  must  be  studied 
and  taught  directly,  persistently,  and  with  enthusiasm. 

In  matters  of  school  hygiene  most  teachers  and  school  offi- 
cials are  still  vaguely  conscious  of  their  duties  and  opportuni- 
ties. As  a  result,  thousands  of  poorly  planned  school  build- 
ings are  erected  each  year,  thousands  of  unsanitary  buildings 
are  not  remedied;  children  are  compelled  to  breathe  foul  air, 
sit  in  bad  light  and  work  at  improperly  constructed  desks, 
drink  contaminated  water,  and  put  up  with  scores  of  other 
atrocities.  It  is  high  time  that  these  things  should  cease. 
All  teachers,  therefore,  should  have  special  courses  in  school 
hygiene  and  school  sanitation  in  order  that  they  may  not  only 
manage  their  schools  according  to  the  laws  of  physical  and 
mental  health,  but  also  that  they  may  advise  boards  of  trustees, 
architects,  and  school  authorities  in  general  how  to  plan  and 
equip  school  buildings. 

There  is  a  large  field  for  useful  service  in  this  division 
of  the  subject,  for  it  not  only  includes  the  care  of  health,  but 
the  development  of  health.  Many  children  with  wise  guidance 
and  proper  care  at  the  right  time  will  develop  strong,  vigorous 
bodies;  but  if  neglected,  will  be  weaklings  throughout  life. 
Physical  education  and  development  demand  far  more  atten- 
tion in  our  schools  than  we  have  given  thus  far. 

The  rural  sections  of  the  South  are  especially  in  need  of 
better  health  conditions.  "We  are  in  sight  of  the  solution 
of  many  of  the  problems  of  municipal  sanitation,"  says  Dr. 
Freeman,  of  the  State  Board  of  Health  of  Virginia,  "but  no 
such  conditions  exist  in  the  country  districts.  The  contri- 
butions of  modern  science  are  lost  to  the  country  population 
through  lack  of  organization  and  education.  The  isolation  of 
the  country  makes  it  difficult  to  educate  the  country  people 
regarding  health  measures." 


16  PEABODY   COLLEGE   BULLETIN. 

The  South,  however,  must  learn  that  one  of  its  chief 
blessings  lies  in  the  fact  that  so  large  a  percentage  of  its 
people  live  in  the  country,  and  that  it  has  few  overgrown  cities. 
But  if  virile  people  continue  to  live  in  the  country,  life  there 
must  be  made  more  joyous,  prosperous  and  healthful,  else  they 
will  move  to  town  and  conditions  there  will  be  worse  for  both 
city  and  country. 

The  polluted  well  or  spring,  the  dirty,  ill-kept  barnyard, 
and  the  lack  of  convenient,  sanitary  toilets  on  the  farm  are 
the  immediate  causes  of  more  illness  than  people  have  ever 
suspected.  Because  bacteria  are  invisible  without  the  use  of 
a  microscope,  it  is  difficult  for  the  average  farmer  to  believe  in 
their  existence.  This  adds  greatly  to  the  difficulty  of  teach- 
ing some  of  the  fundamentals  of  sanitation.  The  appeal  will 
have  to  be  made  with  stereopticon,  motion  pictures,  and  simple 
but  plain  demonstrations.  All  this  can  be  done  in  college 
classes  easily  and  without  great  expense.  But  the  facts  must 
be  taught  in  a  simple,  untechnical  way  to  the  people  as  a 
whole,  and  this  is  a  difficult  task. 

Peabody  College,  true  to  its  purpose  and  character,  wishes 
to  help  the  cause  of  education  in  a  large  public  way.  It 
intends  to  go  to  the  people  and  to  do  what  it  can  to  make  life 
better  and  more  significant.  Its  business  will  be  to  serve 
where  its  service  will  do  the  most  good,  and  not  simply  give 
advice  in  quiet  college  halls.  It  is  poor  economy  to  use  expen- 
sive equipment  in  laboratory  or  class  room  and  not  seek  to 
multiply  its  usefulness  and  test  its  educational  efficiency  out 
among  the  people  under  actual  life  conditions.  We  believe 
that  it  is  a  real  tragedy  to  direct  or  permit  young  people  to 
neglect  or  impair  their  health  for  the  sake  of  learning. 

There  can  be  little  doubt  in  the  minds  of  all  who  strive  to 
foresee  the  significance  of  present-day  movements,  that  we 
are  entering  upon  a  new  era  in  the  salvation  of  the  world. 
If  we  are  to  succeed  in  saving  men's  souls,  we  must  save  their 
bodies  from  the  degradation  of  disease  and  the  vices  which  go 
along  with  physical  weaknesses.  The  conservation  of  the 
natural  resources  of  the  world  includes  physical  health  and 
moral  health,  for  these  are  the  greatest  assets  of  any  nation. 
The  physical  uplift  of  any  people  always  prepares  for  spiritual 
awakening;  while  physical  degeneration  has  ever  foretold 
degradation  and  decadence. 


UNIVERSITY  OF  ILLINOIS-URBANA 


3  0112  111958903 


THE  TRUSTEES 

OP 

GEORGE  PEABODY  COLLEGE  FOR  TEACHERS 


PRESIDENT 
JUDGE  EDWARD  T.  SANFORD,  Knoxville,  Tenn. 

VICE-PRESIDENT 
HON.  J.  B.  ASWELL,  Natchitoches,  La. 

SECRETARY-TREASURER 
E.  A.  LINDSEY,  Esq.,  Nashville,  Tenn. 

CHAIRMAN  OP  EXECUTIVE  COMMITTEE 
JUDGE  J.  C.  BRADFORD,  Nashville,  Tenn. 


Dr.  B.  J.Baldwin,  Montgomery,  Ala. 
Prof.  Hugh  S.  Bird,  Fredericksburg,  Va. 
W.  A.  Blair,  Esq.,  Winston-Salem,  N.  C. 
Stuart  H.  Bowman,  Esq.,  Huntington,  W.  Va. 
James  E.  Caldwell,  Esq.,  Nashville,  Tenn. 
Hon.  J.  M.  Dickinson,  Nashville,  Tenn. 
Thos.  B.  Franklin,  Esq.,  Columbus,  Miss. 
Joseph  K.  Orr,  Esq.,  Atlanta,  Ga. 
A.  H.  Robinson,  Esq.,  Nashville,  Tenn. 
Bolton  Smith,  Esq.,  Memphis,  Tenn. 
Prof.  W.  K.  Tate,  Columbia,  S.  C. 
Gov.  Ben  W.  Hooper,  Ex-Officio,  Nashville,  Tenn. 


"Education,  a  debt  due  from  present  to  future 
generations."— George  Peabody. 


